ABSTRACT
El establecimiento de la Gastroenterología Pediátrica como especialidad médica en el ámbito internacional, el proceso de creación en Cuba y contribución en enfermedades digestivas en el infancia y adolescencia, aportes y resultados como subespecialidad pediátrica en el país, son relatados. El objetivo de este trabajo es divulgar la historia de la Gastroenterología Pediátrica en Cuba, trascendencia como subespecialidad desde sus inicios en la década de los años 70 del siglo XX en el Instituto Nacional de Gastroenterología, y generalización en hospitales pediátricos del país. Se exponen los antecedentes internacionales acerca la creación de la Gastroenterología Pediátrica, red de atención de médica en hospitales pediátricos, introducción de la endoscopia digestiva en la infancia, y su papel en ensayos clínicos e investigaciones, reflejando logros científicos. Se reseña la formación de especialistas desde etapa inicial en 1972, así como su consolidación como disciplina emergente en el contexto de la Pediatría de la medicina cubana y su difusión en los países caribeños y latinoamericanos. La participación en la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, momentos prominentes, publicaciones de libros y en revistas, premios y reconocimientos internacionales, son referidos como exponentes de la labor realizada y dificultades afrontadas. Son descritos el significado de la creación y desarrollo de la Gastroenterología Pediátrica en Cuba como subespecialidad de la Pediatría, los antecedentes internacionales, los resultados y aportes para la Salud Pública nacional, los nuevos retos y el reconocimiento en países caribeños y latinoamericanos; como también, las limitaciones por la política de hostilidad del gobierno de Estados Unidos de América debido al bloqueo económico, comercial y financiero a Cuba desde 1960(AU)
The establishment of Pediatric Gastroenterology as a medical specialty in the international arena, the creation´s process in Cuba and its contribution in the area of digestive diseases during childhood and adolescence; and its contributions and results as a pediatric subspecialty in the country are reported. The objective of this work is to disseminate the history of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Cuba, it significance as a subspecialty from its beginnings in the decade of the 70s of the XXth century in the National Institute of Gastroenterology, and the generalization of it in pediatric hospitals of the country. The international backgrounds are exposed: the creation of Pediatric Gastroenterology, the network of medical attention in pediatric hospitals, the introduction of digestive endoscopy in children, and its role in clinical trials and researches showing scientific achievements. The training of specialists from the initial stage in 1972 is reviewed, as well as its consolidation as an emerging discipline in the context of Cuban medicine´s Pediatrics and its dissemination in the Caribbean and Latin American countries. The participation in the Latin American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, prominent moments, publications of books and in journals, awards and international acknowledgments are referred to as exponents of the work done and the difficulties faced. The significance of the creation and development of Pediatric Gastroenterology in Cuba as subspecialty of Pediatrics, the international antecedents, the results and contributions for the National Public Health, the new challenges; and the recognition in Caribbean and Latin American countries are described; as well as the limitations due to the hostile policy of the United States government due to the economic, commercial and financial blockade against Cuba since 1960(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Gastroenterology/history , Pediatrics/history , CubaABSTRACT
Introdução: a colonoscopia faz parte da rotina na investigação de crianças com sangramento retal, suspeita de doença inflamatória intestinal, diarreia crônica e outros sintomas abdominais. Objetivos: este estudo tem, como objetivo, quantificar o número de endoscopias realizadas e estabelecer o perfil das crianças que tiveram a indicação de realizar colonoscopia no Hospital Infantil Dr. Juvêncio Mattos no Maranhão, bem como sua relação com a queixa principal, os achados endoscópicos e o tratamento. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo analítico e transversal com 32 crianças de 8 a 13 anos, que foram submetidas à colonoscopia no Hospital Infantil Dr. Juvêncio Mattos, de janeiro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2012. Resultados: observou-se 37 achados endoscópicos e histopatológicos uma vez que cinco pacientes apresentavam duas patologias associadas. Foi diagnosticada Doença de Crohn em duas crianças e retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica em quatro crianças. Oito pacientes apresentavam hiperplasia nodular linfoide. Evidenciou-se ainda quatro casos de colite alérgica e um caso de colite relacionada à oxiuríase. Houve também retocolite associada à hiperplasia nodular linfoide em uma criança com síndrome de cutis laxa. Os pólipos foram achados em 10 pacientes, sendo os mais frequentes principalmente entre as idades de 1 a 5 anos. Em sete pacientes, a colonoscopia foi normal. Conclusão: desta forma, a colonoscopia vem se firmando como um método adequado para o diagnóstico de lesões colorretais e tendo, inclusive, o valor terapêutico em alguns casos.
Introduction: the colonoscopy is part of the routine investigation of children with rectal bleeding and suspected inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea and other abdominal symptoms. Objective: this research aims to quantify the number of endoscopies performed and establish the profile of the children who had the indication to perform colonoscopy at Childrens Hospital Dr. Juvêncio Mattos and his relationship with the chief complaint, endoscopic findings and treatment. Methods: it is a study analytical, cross with 32 children from three months to thirteen years old who underwent colonoscopy at Childrens Hospital Dr. Juvêncio Mattos from January 2010 to February 2012. Results: there were 37 endoscopic and histopathological findings, since five patients had two comorbidities. Crohns disease was diagnosed in two children and ulcerative colitis in four children. Eight patients had nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. It was also revealed four cases of allergic colitis and one case of colitis-related oxyuriasis. There have also been associated with colitis nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in a child with Cutis Laxa Syndrome. Polyps were found in 10 patients, the most frequent, mainly between the ages 1-5 years. In seven patients, colonoscopy was normal. Conclusion: thus, the colonoscopy has been established itself as a suitable method for the diagnosis of colorectal lesions and in some cases, therapeutic value.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Health Profile , Colonoscopy , Child Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colonic Diseases , GastroenterologyABSTRACT
La computación, como medio de enseñanza, ha popularizado el uso de software educativos para la solución de problemas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El desarrollo acelerado de la información determinó la necesidad de elaborar un hiperentorno educativo que apoye la enseñanza y aprendizaje del módulo de Gastroenterología Pediátrica durante la Residencia en Gastroenterología. Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, las tendencias pedagógicas contemporáneas, el software educativo y los hiperentornos en particular Crheasoft. Se determinaron las necesidades de aprendizaje de los residentes en el ßrea de Pediatría, mediante las encuestas realizadas a los residentes y las entrevistas a los profesores. Finalmente se decidió abordar los temas de pólipos y síndromes polipósicos y enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales. Se realizó un Hiperentorno Educativo que permite acceder a información actualizada, galerías de imágenes, ejercicios interactivos y bibliografía complementaria.
Computer Science, as a teaching tool, has extended the use of educational software to solve difficulties in the teaching-learning process. The accelerated development of information determined the need of creating an educational hypercontext to support teaching and learning of pediatric gastroenterology contents during the specialization course on Gastroenterology. A literature review was carried out on information and communication technologies, contemporary pedagogical approaches, educational software and hypercontexts, particularly Chreasoft. Through surveys to residents and interviews of professors, it was possible to determine the learning requirements of residents in pediatrics specialization. Finally, it was decided to include topics such as polyps and polyp syndromes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The resulting educational hypercontext allows having access to updated information, galleries, interactive exercises and supplementary bibliography.
Subject(s)
Gastroenterology/education , Software , Teaching MaterialsABSTRACT
Food allergy is an adverse immune response to foods. The prevalence of food allergy vary by age, diet, and many other factors. Based on the immunological mechanism, food allergies may be classified in a IgE-mediated diseases, which are the best-characterized food allergy reactions, non-IgE-medicated diseases, and mixed type diseases. In children, the GI tract seems to be the most common target organ. Generally, IgE-mediated reactions have an acute onset, whereas non-IgE-mediated reactions have a late onset. The most food allergy with GI manifestation involve non-IgE-mediated reactions. The evaluation of a child with suspected food allergy includes medical history, physical examination, screening test and the response to elimination diet and to oral food challenge. The diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated food allergies using a screening test is difficult. In this review, investigate the diagnostic criteria and manifestations of several non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases and the diagnostic method in the field of a pediatric gastroenterology.